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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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switzerl.3
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Government
Long-form name: Swiss Confederation.
Type: federal republic.
Capital: Bern.
Administrative divisions: 26 cantons (cantons, singular--canton in
French; cantoni, singular--cantone in Italian; kantone, singular--
kanton in German); Aargau, Ausser-Rhoden, Basel-Landschaft,
Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg, Geneve, Glarus, Graubunden, Inner-Rhoden,
Jura, Luzern, Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen,
Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud,
Zug, Zurich.
Independence: 1 August 1291.
Constitution: 29 May 1874.
Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law;
judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect
to federal decrees of general obligatory character; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations.
National holiday: Anniversary of the Founding of the Swiss
Confederation, 1 August (1291).
Executive branch: president, vice president, Federal Council
(German--Bundesrat, French--Conseil Federal).
Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly (German--
Bundesversammlung, French--Assemblee Federale) consists of an
upper council or Council of States (German--Standerat,
French--Conseil des Etats) and and a lower council or National
Council (German--Nationalrat, French--Conseil National).
Judicial branch: Federal Supreme Court.
Leaders: Chief of State and Head of Government--President
Arnold KOLLER (1990 calendar year; presidency rotates annually);
Vice President Flavio COTTI (term runs concurrently with
that of president).
Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (SPS),
Helmut Hubacher, chairman; Radical Democratic Party (FDP),
Bruno Hunziker, president; Christian Democratic People's
Party (CVP), Eva Segmuller-Weber, president; Swiss People's
Party (SVP), Hans Uhlmann, president; Workers' Party (PdA),
Armand Magnin, secretary general; National Action Party
(NA), Hans Zwicky, chairman; Independents' Party (LdU),
Dr. Franz Jaeger, president; Republican Movement (Rep),
Dr. James Schworzenboch, Franz Baumgartner, leaders; Liberal
Party (LPS), Gilbert Coutau, president; Evangelical People's
Party (EVP), Max Dunki, president; Progressive Organizations
of Switzerland (POCH), Georg Degen, secretary; Federation
of Ecology Parties (GP), Laurent Rebeaud, president; Autonomous
Socialist Party (PSA), Werner Carobbio, secretary.
Suffrage: universal at age 20.
Elections:
Council of State--last held throughout 1987 (next to be held NA);
results--percent of vote by party NA; seats--(46 total) CVP 19,
FDP 14, SPS 5, SVP 4, others 4;
National Council--last held 18 October 1987 (next to be
held October 1991); results--FDP 22.9%, CVP 20.0%, SPS 18.4%,
SVP 11.0%, GP 4.8%, others 22.9%; seats--(200 total) FDP
51, CVP 42, SPS 41, SVP 25, GP 9, others 32.
Communists: 4,500 members (est.).
Member of: ADB, CCC, Council of Europe, DAC, EFTA, ESA, FAO,
GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDB--Inter-American Development
Bank, IEA, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU,
IWC--International Wheat Council, OECD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO; permanent observer status
at the UN.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Edouard BRUNNER; Chancery
at 2900 Cathedral Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone
(202) 745-7900; there are Swiss Consulates General in Atlanta,
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco;
US--Ambassador Joseph B. GUILDENHORN; Embassy at Jubilaeumstrasse
93, 3005 Bern; telephone [41] (31) 437011; there is a Branch
Office of the Embassy in Geneva and a Consulate General in Zurich.
Flag: red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in
the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag.